Overview

Forbidden for Jews

June 30, 1942 The Netherlands

On 30 June 1942, the Nazis severely restricted the freedom of movement of Jews: Jews were no longer allowed to cycle or travel by public transport. Driving a car had been forbidden since January 1942.

Since early 1941, Jews in the Netherlands had been confronted with new measures that interfered with their lives almost every week. A small selection:

  • 10 April 1941: Jews are not allowed to move away from Amsterdam.
  • 15 April 1941: Jews have to turn in their radios.
  • 1 May 1941: Jewish doctors, pharmacists, midwives, estate agents, translators, and lawyers may only serve other Jews.
  • 1 May 1941: Jews are not allowed to enter the stock exchange.
  • 2 May 1941: Jews can no longer work in journalism.
  • 6 May 1941: Certain streets in Amsterdam are classified as 'Jewish streets' and 'Jewish canals'.
  • 15 May 1941: Jewish musicians are fired from orchestras.
  • 31 May 1941: Jews are not allowed on the beach, to parks, swimming pools, or hotels.
  • 27 June 1941: Jewish shops have to close on Sundays.
  • 15 September 1941: ‘Forbidden for Jews' signs appear on libraries, restaurants, sports fields, markets, reading rooms, and museums.
  • 15 September 1941: Jews must ask permission to change their place of residence.
  • 5 September 1941: 'Jewish premises' signs appear on Jewish bars and theatres that are off-limits to non-Jews.
  • 10 October 1941: Jewish shops must make themselves known as such.
  • 22 October 1941: Jews need a permit for every profession.
  • 22 October 1941: Jews may not be members of associations and sports clubs with non-Jewish members.
  • 23 October 1941: Jews are not allowed to emigrate.
  • 24 October 1941: Jews are not allowed to works for non-Jews.
  • 1 November 1941: German Jews lose their German nationality.
  • 7 November 1941: Jews are not allowed to travel or move without a permit.
  • 26 November 1941: Jewish stamps and antiques shops are closed.
  • 5 December 1941: Non-Dutch Jews have to report for voluntary emigration.
  • 1 January 1942: Non-Jews are not allowed to work for Jews.
  • 23 January 1942: Jews are not allowed to drive cars.
  • 20 March 1942: Jews are not allowed to sell furniture or other household goods.
  • 25 March 1942: Jews are not allowed to marry at City Hall.
  • 25 March 1942: Jews and non-Jews are not allowed to marry.
  • 24 April 1942: Most Jewish butchers are closed down.
  • 29 May 1942: Jews are not allowed to go fishing.
  • 5 June 1942: Jews are not allowed to travel without prior permission.
  • 12 June 1942: Jews are not allowed to buy fruit and vegetables at non-Jewish shops.
  • 12 June 1942: Jews have to hand in their bicycles and other means of transport.
  • 12 June 1942: Jews are not allowed to play sports.
  • 30 June 1942: Jews are not allowed to be on the streets after 8 o'clock in the evening and before 6 o'clock in the morning.
  • 30 June 1942: Jews are not allowed to work as street vendors or deal in rags, used metal, or waste.
  • 30 June 1942: Jews are not allowed to use payphones.
  • 30 June 1942: Jews are only allowed in non-Jewish shops between 3 and 5 pm.
  • 6 July 1942: Jews are not allowed to visit non-Jews.
  • 1 August 1942: Jewish street names are changed.
  •  August 1942: Jews are not allowed to have telephones.
  • 15 September 1942: Jewish students are excluded from schools and universities.